Canadian immigration and citizenship guides

Search the whole website

Find an immigration or citizenship guide

Search programs, documents, legal terms, provinces, cities and Canadian immigration cases.

Search results

32 results for “physical presence”

  1. Resources

    Citizenship physical-presence calculator

    Estimate credited days toward the Canadian citizenship physical-presence requirement and identify a possible shortfall before applying.

    Open this page
  2. Canadian citizenship

    Calculating physical presence for citizenship

    Prepare a reliable citizenship travel history, reconcile passports and CBSA records, and avoid applying at the exact 1,095-day minimum.

    Open this page
  3. Resources

    Citizenship short by 12 physical-presence days

    A citizenship judge granted citizenship despite an admitted 12-day shortfall under the applicable rule. See why the Federal Court set the decision aside.

    Open this page
  4. Canadian citizenship

    Citizenship physical-presence requirement

    Understand the five-year citizenship presence period, pre-PR half-day credit, excluded sentence time and Crown-servant rules.

    Open this page
  5. Canadian citizenship

    Citizenship document checklist

    Organize identity, passport, physical-presence, language, tax and supporting records for an adult Canadian citizenship application.

    Open this page
  6. Permanent residents

    Moving from permanent residence to citizenship

    Track physical presence, tax filing, language evidence and travel records before applying for Canadian citizenship.

    Open this page
  7. Permanent residents

    Calculating days for the PR residency obligation

    Build an accurate five-year travel chronology and calculate physical-presence and eligible time-abroad days for Canadian PR status.

    Open this page
  8. Canadian citizenship

    Citizenship application refusals

    Understand physical-presence, language, prohibition and misrepresentation refusals and the time-limited Federal Court remedy.

    Open this page
  9. Resources

    PR residency-obligation calculator

    Review Canadian physical presence and possible qualifying time abroad against the 730-day permanent-resident residency obligation.

    Open this page
  10. Canadian citizenship

    Applying for Canadian citizenship

    Prepare, sign and submit an adult Canadian citizenship application with a consistent presence, tax, identity and travel record.

    Open this page
  11. Canadian citizenship

    Canadian citizenship eligibility

    Check permanent-resident status, 1,095 days of presence, tax filing, language, test and prohibition rules for Canadian citizenship.

    Open this page
  12. Canadian citizenship

    Canadian citizenship for children

    Choose between proof and a minor grant, understand parent status, custody, presence and oath rules for children under 18.

    Open this page
  13. Canadian citizenship

    After applying for citizenship

    Follow acknowledgement, background checks, test, interview, decision and ceremony steps after submitting a citizenship application.

    Open this page
  14. Canadian citizenship

    Citizenship interviews

    Prepare for identity, language, travel and eligibility questions at a Canadian citizenship interview and bring the requested originals.

    Open this page
  15. Permanent residents

    Complete the permanent residence landing process

    Understand the final steps for becoming a Canadian permanent resident from outside Canada or through in-Canada virtual confirmation.

    Open this page
  16. Permanent residents

    Permanent residence in Canada

    Understand Canadian permanent residence, compare PR programs and follow the process from choosing a pathway to keeping permanent-resident status.

    Open this page
  17. Permanent residents

    Permanent Residence Portal

    Understand when IRCC creates or uses the Permanent Residence Portal, how in-Canada confirmation works and what happens before e-COPR and a first PR card.

    Open this page
  18. Permanent residents

    Permanent resident residency obligation

    Calculate Canada’s 730-day permanent-resident residency obligation, possible time-abroad credits and consequences of non-compliance.

    Open this page
  19. Canadian citizenship

    Resuming Canadian citizenship

    Check permanent-resident status, one-year presence and prohibition requirements for resuming citizenship previously renounced.

    Open this page
  20. Resources

    Immigration and citizenship tools

    Use planning calculators for Express Entry CRS points, citizenship presence, PR residency obligations and current federal application fees.

    Open this page
  21. Permanent residents

    Accompanying a Canadian citizen outside Canada

    Prove days accompanying a Canadian citizen spouse or common-law partner abroad for the permanent-resident residency obligation.

    Open this page
  22. Canadian citizenship

    Canadian citizenship by descent

    Understand the December 15, 2025 citizenship-by-descent rules, restored citizens and the substantial-connection test for future births.

    Open this page
  23. Canadian citizenship

    Canadian citizenship ceremonies

    Prepare for an online or in-person citizenship ceremony, take the oath, return the PR card and obtain the certificate.

    Open this page
  24. Move to Canada

    Canadian Experience Class

    Learn which Canadian work counts for the Canadian Experience Class, how to calculate hours and which language score applies to your NOC TEER.

    Open this page
  25. Move to Canada

    Category-based Express Entry selection

    See how category-based Express Entry selection works and which language, occupation and Canadian-work categories IRCC lists for 2026.

    Open this page
  26. Work in Canada

    Open work permits for vulnerable workers

    Learn how workers in Canada facing job-related abuse or risk of abuse can request a temporary open work permit and document the situation safely.

    Open this page
  27. Move to Canada

    Permanent residence after studying in Canada

    Plan the transition from Canadian study to a PGWP, skilled work and permanent residence without assuming that graduation guarantees immigration.

    Open this page
  28. Move to Canada

    Permanent residence after working in Canada

    Assess Canadian work for CEC, provincial and regional permanent residence routes while protecting temporary status and document deadlines.

    Open this page
  29. Permanent residents

    Permanent resident travel document refusals

    Respond to a permanent resident travel document refusal, file an IAD appeal and present residency or humanitarian evidence.

    Open this page
  30. Permanent residents

    Renewing a PR card

    Renew a permanent resident card from inside Canada, document travel and residency days, and understand urgent processing limits.

    Open this page
  31. Permanent residents

    Residency obligation reviews

    Prepare for IRCC or CBSA review of a permanent resident’s travel history, foreign-day credits and humanitarian circumstances.

    Open this page
  32. Sponsor family

    Sponsoring a dependent child

    Check dependent-child age and relationship rules, custody and consent evidence, medical screening and undeclared-family-member risks.

    Open this page