Canadian citizenship for children

Overview

Canadian citizenship for children

A child may already be Canadian by birth or descent, or may need a minor grant after becoming a permanent resident. Determine existing citizenship before selecting an application.

Check whether the child is already Canadian

A child born in Canada is usually a citizen, with limited diplomatic exceptions. A child born abroad may be a citizen through a Canadian parent, especially after the December 2025 descent changes.

Existing citizens apply for proof, not a discretionary grant.

Use the correct minor grant route

A permanent-resident child applying with a Canadian parent or at the same time uses the applicable minor provision. A child applying independently may need to satisfy a physical-presence requirement.

Current forms distinguish the routes and parent signatures.

Document custody and consent

Provide birth, adoption, guardianship and parenting records and explain absent signatures. The application must serve the child and respect valid family-law orders.

Name changes and differing parent information should be reconciled.

Apply age-based exemptions

Minors do not provide language proof or take the citizenship test. Children under 14 do not take the oath; those 14 through 17 generally do unless a waiver is granted.

A child’s PR and prohibition issues still need review.